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Three Types of Membrane

1. Cutaneous membranes = skin = Integumentary system.  We have the epidermis which is the outer epithelium tissue and dermis is the connective tissue.

2. Mucous (mucosa) membranes line the insides of hollow organs that open to the outside.  (Mouth, rectum, reproductive, urinary)

3. Serous membrane (serosa/serosae pl.)

Three closed cavities: Pleural (lungs), peritoneal (abdominal), and pericardial (heart) cavities.
It’s made of simple (single layer) squamous (squashed) epithelium that is on top of a loose areolar connective tissue.
Serous is made up of filtrate leaked from the capillary blood in the connective tissue plus lubricating molecules secreted by the mesothelial cells.
Parietal layer lines cavity; Visceral layer covers organs (visceral=inside)

Capacity for regeneration

Good to excellent: Epithelial tissue, bone CT, areolar CT, dense irregular CT, and blood forming CT
Moderate: Smooth muscle (intestine), dense regular CT (like the tendon)
Weak: Skeletal muscle tissue and cartilage.
None: Cardiac muscle tissue, nervous tissue.  When cardiac muscle dies it becomes scar tissue.  That’s why it’s so bad for you to have a heart attack.  Same goes for nerve tissue, although it is possible to transplant brain matter and retrain a person.  But wherever there are slices in the spinal cord we cannot repair them.

Tissues throughout life

By the end of the second month of pregnancy, the four primary tissues have formed and all major organs are in place.

Your bones, muscles and nervous tissue will atrophy due to less use as you age.  If you stay active though, they won’t.

Collagen tends to decrease and the epithelial lining thins out.

Poor nutrition and circulation tax the body, eventually creating health complications over decades of misusing the body.

Use this Table of Contents to go to the next article

Painting by Michael Reedy
The Basics. Start here. This is your Foundation.
  • Intro to human anatomy
  • The building blocks of cells

YOU ARE HERE AT EPITHELIAL AND CT

Epithelial and Connective Tissue

  • Basics of Epithelial Tissue
  • Eight types of Epithelial Tissue
  • Detailed Features of Epithelia
  • Connective Tissue Basics
  • Three Types of Membrane

Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat Glands

  • Integumentary System Part 1
  • Integumentary System Part 2

The Skeletal System

  • Cartilage and Bones
  • Geography of the Skull
  • Special parts of the skull
  • The Vertebral Column
  • Thoracic Cage, Ribs, Fontanelles

The Muscular System

  • Muscles of the Head
  • Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
  • Muscles of the thorax for breathing and the pelvic floor (The Diaphragm)
  • Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
  • Muscles of the Forearm

The Central Nervous System

  • Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
  • CNS: Intro to Brain and Ventricles, Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Mid-Brain and Cerebellum
  • Central Nervous System: Spinal Cord
  • The Diencephalon
  • The Cerebral Hemispheres
  • Functional Areas of The Cerebral Cortex
  • Cerebral White Matter and Gray Matter and Basal Ganglia
  • The Limbic System and the Reticular Formation
  • Protection for the Brain: Meninges, CSF, Blood-Brain Barrier
  • Disorders of the Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

  • Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves
  • Peripheral Nervous System: Spinal Nerves and Plexuses
  • Innervation of the skin: Dermatomes

The Autonomic Nervous System

  • The Autonomic Nervous System (Includes sympathetic and parasymphathetic systems)
  • Visceral Sensory Neurons and Referred Pain

Special Senses

  • Chemical Sense: Taste (Gustation)
  • Chemical Sense: Smell (Olfaction)
  • The Eye and Vision

The Cardiovascular System

  • Intro to the Heart
  • Blood Flow of the Heart (Circulation Flow)
  • Myocardium
  • Conducting System of the Heart (Nervous Impulse Flow)
  • The Four Corners of the Heart
  • Layers of the Pericardium, Heart Wall and Spiral Arrangement
  • Function of the Atrioventricular and Semilunar Valves
  • Blood Components, Hemoglobin, Type/Rh Factor, Agglutination
  • Blood Vessels

Specialized Systems

  • The Endocrine System (Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal, Gonads, etc)
  • The Lymphatic System (Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, nodes etc)
  • The Respiratory System (Lungs, Alveoli, Bronchi, Trachea, Larynx, Nasal cavities, etc)
  • The Immune System
  • The Urinary System: Kidneys
  • The Urinary System: Ureter and Urinary Bladder

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